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Jassy–Kishinev Offensive
The Jassy–Kishinev Operation,〔〔John Erickson, (''The Road to Berlin: Continuing the History of Stalin's War with Germany'' ), pp. 345, 350, 374〕〔Major R. McMichael, ''The Battle of Jassy–Kishinev, (1944),'' Military Review, July 1985, pp. 52–65〕〔Dmitriy Loza, James F. Gebhardt, ''(Commanding the Red Army's Sherman Tanks )'', chapter "A cocktail for the Shermans", p.43〕 named after the two major cities, Iași and Chișinău, in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944. The 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts of the Red Army engaged Army Group South Ukraine, which consisted of combined German and Romanian formations, in an operation to reclaim the Moldavian SSR and destroy the Axis forces in the region, opening a way into Romania and the Balkans.
The offensive resulted in the encirclement and destruction of defending German forces, allowing the Soviet Army to resume its strategic advance further into Eastern Europe. It also forced Romania to switch allegiance from the Axis powers to the Allies.
==Background==
The Red Army had made an unsuccessful attack in the same sector, known as the First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive from 8 April to 6 June 1944. In 1944, the ''Wehrmacht'' was pressed back along its entire front line in the East. By May 1944, the South Ukraine Army Group (''Heeresgruppe Südukraine'') was pushed back towards the prewar Romanian frontier, and managed to establish a line on the Dniester river, which was however breached in two places by Red Army bridgeheads. After June, calm returned to the sector, allowing the rebuilding of the German formations.
While up to June 1944, ''Heeresgruppe Südukraine'' was one of the most powerful German formations in terms of armor, it had been denuded during the summer, with most of its armored formations moved to the Northern and Central front, in order to stem Red Army advances in the Baltic states, Belarus, Northern Ukraine, and Poland. On the eve of the offensive, the only armored formations left were the 1st Romanian Armored Division,〔Victor Nitu. (The Tanks )〕 and German 13th ''Panzer'' and 10th ''Panzergrenadier'' Divisions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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